高中英语定语从句课件参考

导语：本节课的知识点相对比较多但难度系数不大，主要是讲定语从句的各个关系词具体用法。以下是为大家整理的高中英语定语从句课件，希望能够帮助大家！

教学过程

一、复习预习

1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺；

2、导入：

e.g. She is a beautiful girl.

She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy.

二、知识讲解

（一）定语从句定义

1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的

定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。

2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。

3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

关系代词的种类：

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as

关系副词：when, where, why

4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.

b、 In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.

c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.

d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.

（二）定语从句分类

限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。

1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)

2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)

（三）关系代词

1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。

e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German .

2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。

e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to .

I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .

3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物

e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.

re the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in .

4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略）

e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us .

This is a plant that grows in the north .

5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。

e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .

☆常用that不用which的情况

1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。

歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。

Pay attention to everything that I do.

2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。

歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which。

This is the best novel (that)I have read.

3、如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。 歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that。

They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.

4、当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等修饰时。

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

5、在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。

Which of the students that knows something about history.

6、当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that. I’ve got one that you might be interested in.

☆常用which，不用that的情况

1、引导非限制性定语从句。

Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.

全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

2、直接放在介词后作宾语时（介词+关系代词结构中）。

Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。

（四）关系副词

1、when 指时间

（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用when

e.g. I’ll never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作状语 I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主语

He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做宾语

（2）It is the first time that …句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。

e.g. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .

2、where 指地点

（1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。

e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago .

（2）指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which .

e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作状语）.

This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作宾语）

e.g. This is the shool ｛in which /where we study every year.（作状语）

This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. （作宾语） .

（3）当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词

3、why 表示原因

“the reason why ……. ”中，不能用because 代替that .

e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .

The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting is that he was ill .

但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,可省略

e.g. I don’t believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .

（五）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：

一是，依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配；

二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配；

三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定。

e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .

（六）非限定性定语从句

关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。

指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom ，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。

e.g. He didn’t see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)

（七）as 引导的限制性定语从句

A . such … 和 the same…as 的用法

such …： 像….一样的，像…..之类；the same…as： 和…..同样的

在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。

Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语）

The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在从句中作宾语)

重点比较 :

the same …as…和 the same …that…

the same…as…:和…..相同（代指同类事物）；

the same …that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）

两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。

Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.

He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.

This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔)

This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）

B. … as …的用法

… as …中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。

Eg： This book is not such as I expect.

He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.